An intangible is something that exists but that cannot be touched, exactly described, or given an absolute value. It exists in a symbolic rather than a physical way.

Some time before 1514, Copernicus wrote an initial outline of his heliocentric theory known only from later transcripts, by the title (perhaps given to it by a copyist), Nicolai Copernici de hypothesibus motuum coelestium a se constitutis commentariolus—commonly referred to as the Commentariolus. It was a succinct theoretical description of the world's heliocentric mechanism, without mathematical apparatus, and differed in some important details of geometric construction from De revolutionibus; but it was already based on the same assumptions regarding Earth’s triple motions. The Commentariolus, which Copernicus consciously saw as merely a first sketch for his planned book, was not intended for printed distribution. He made only a very few manuscript copies available to his closest acquaintances, including, it seems, several Kraków astronomers with whom he collaborated in 1515–1530 in observing eclipses. Tycho Brahe would include a fragment from the Commentariolus in his own treatise, Astronomiae instauratae progymnasmata, published in Prague in 1602, based on a manuscript that he had received from the Bohemian physician and astronomer Tadeáš Hájek, a friend of Rheticus. The Commentariolus would appear complete in print for the first time only in 1878. In 1510 or 1512 Copernicus moved to Frombork, a town to the northwest at the Vistula Lagoon on the Baltic Sea coast. There, in April 1512, he participated in the election of Fabian of Lossainen as Prince-Bishop of Warmia. It was only in early June 1512 that the chapter gave Copernicus an “external curia”—a house outside the defensive walls of the cathedral mount. In 1514 he purchased the northwestern tower within the walls of the Frombork stronghold.

The three most common toothpaste flavors are peppermint, spearmint, and wintergreen. Anise, apricot, bubblegum, cinnamon, fennel, lavender, neem, ginger, vanilla, lemon, pine, and orange are other alternatives.

The name Brooklyn is derived from the original Dutch town of Breukelen. The oldest mention of the settlement in the Netherlands is in a charter of 953 by Roman Emperor Otto I as Broecklede. This form is made up of the words broeck, meaning bog or marshland, and lede, meaning small water stream, specifically in peat areas. Breuckelen on the American continent was established in 1646, and the name first appeared in print in 1663. Over the past two millennia, the name of the ancient town in Holland has been Bracola, Broccke, Brocckede, Broiclede, Brocklandia, Broekclen, Broikelen, Breuckelen, and finally Breukelen. The New Amsterdam settlement of Breuckelen also went through many spelling variations, including Breucklyn, Breuckland, Brucklyn, Broucklyn, Brookland, Brockland, Brocklin, and Brookline. There have been so many variations of the name that its origin has been debated; some have claimed breuckelen means “broken land” The current name, however, is the one that best reflects its meaning. Breuckelen on the American continent was established in 1646, and the name first appeared in print in 1663. Present-day Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the English captured the New Netherland colony in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

ASPERITAS IS A CLOUD FORMATION FIRST POPULARIZED AND PROPOSED AS A TYPE OF CLOUD IN 2009 BY GAVIN PRETOR-PINNEY OF THE CLOUD APPRECIATION SOCIETY. ADDED TO THE INTERNATIONAL CLOUD ATLAS AS A SUPPLEMENTARY FEATURE IN MARCH 2017, IT IS THE FIRST CLOUD FORMATION ADDED SINCE CIRRUS INTORTUS IN 1951. THE NAME TRANSLATES APPROXIMATELY AS ROUGHNESS. THE CLOUDS ARE CLOSELY RELATED TO UNDULATUS CLOUDS. ALTHOUGH THEY APPEAR DARK AND STORM-LIKE, THEY ALMOST ALWAYS DISSIPATE WITHOUT A STORM FORMING.

Polaris, known as the North Star, sits more or less directly above Earth’s north pole along our planet’s rotational axis. This is the imaginary line that extends through the planet and out of the north and south poles. Earth rotates around this line, like a spinning top.